翻譯學會研究集刊--創刊號

。翻譯過程與對策的系統架構作者：黃穎儀
。從《天演論》的譯文看翻譯作者：梁立堅
。經典翻譯的技術成規與典範價值－從亞理斯多德《詩學》的傳統說起作者：林國源
。人名、地名的翻譯作者：陶　緯
。從比較語言學來探討口譯的問題作者：黃素月
。<漢語專業口譯教學以對日語為母語的學生進行教學為例作者：井出靜（Ide Shizuka）
。大學部口譯課程的教學規劃作者：李翠芳
。大學「口譯入門」課程英譯中視譯練習之運用與教學建議作者：湯麗明
。「口譯入門」課的教案計畫、修正與評鑑作者：楊承淑

翻譯過程與對策的系統架構 ▲Top
A Systematic Approach to Constructive Translation Process and Decision-Making

中文摘要

　　本文試以菲梅爾的目的論（Vermeer, Skopostheorie）及曼德莉的翻譯行為論（Translatorisches Handeln）為主，來探討出版商、原語作者、譯者及讀者，對譯作所產生的互動關係和影響。進而反省譯者的社會功能。再以翻譯過程與對策為輔，配合實際教學技巧，來引導學生對翻譯的自覺性和敏感度，並能建立多元思考模式，達到溝通的功能性。此外，有關誤譯評估分析，將加以說明。

英文摘要

This paper takes the"Skopos theory" and Translatorisches Handeln" as a model to examine interaction among the initiator, author, translator, and reader. In addition, the influence of these agents on the product will be influence on the product will be discussed. Another point of focus is decision-making behaviour and translation strategy. Some didactic implications will be clarified according to praxis-oriented methods and error analysis.

從《天演論》的譯文看翻譯 ▲Top

摘要

　　《天演論》是我國翻譯史上深具影響力的一本書，原著目前有兩個譯本。一個是嚴復在１８９８年用文言文翻譯的版本，另一個是大陸在１９７１年用白話文翻譯的版本。本文將以兩個版本具有全文普遍性的第一段作抽樣分析，以瞭解兩個譯本的特色和使用的方法，然後再透過現代翻譯學家奈達（Nida）的理論，嘗試作另一種方式的翻譯。這三種譯文相互比較，希望由此對翻譯學（Translatology）有更多的發現和更深入的瞭解。

Tian Yan Lun（天演論）, a book translated by Yan Fu in wen yen (Chinese literary language) in 1898, is of great importance and influence in the translation history of China. Its original English name is Evolution and Ethics, a book about the evolution and ecology of living things in nature, written by T. H. Huxley in 1893. And 73 years later, another Chinese version translated in bai hwa (vernacular) by Ke Xyue Publishing Company under the title Jin hwa lun yu lun li xyue（進化論與倫理學）appeared in 1971 in mainland China. These are the two Chinese versions for Evolution and Ethics up to the present time. Taking the beginning passages in these two versions as the samples for analysis, this paper aims to explore their characteristics and translating approaches. And meanwhile, the same passage in the original text will be translated again in a different way in the light of the theories of E.A. Nida. Through a comparison of the three translations, it is hoped that a comparatively better approach to translation could be found, and thereby leading us to know more about Translatology.

經典翻譯的技術成規與典範價值
－從亞理斯多德《詩學》的傳譯說起－ ▲Top

論文摘要

　　經典翻譯有其一定的技術成規，如版本校勘、箋註詮釋、詞目及享有名詞索引等；我國翻譯西方文化經典之作有年，而少見有人就此加以討論。本文以亞理斯多德《詩學》一九八○年法譯本為例說明一部經典之作的翻譯及其箋註的猩序與技術成規。

　　從《詩學》第六章對悲劇所下的意義為出發點，本文討論《詩學》古希臘文新校勘本之產生的原由、相應新譯本（英文、法文、中文本）、箋註、論辯、詞目及專名索引系統、相關書目等《詩學》傳譯的基本問題：

1.模擬－Representation取代Imitation。
2.動作－Action（本意為轉變、主動的變動）。
3.情緒－Passions含憤怒、平靜、恐懼、哀憐等等．．．．．．（複數）。
4.淨滌－Catharsis，詩學只出現一次，卻為詩之目的性的核心。

　　悲劇六要素中，思想與言詞與悲劇的目的關係最為密切，前者合情節、性格而為戲劇的要素，後者合聲音系統與體動系統而為劇場的要素，悲劇之編寫與演出皆可就言詞與思想之互為表裏的理論層次予以檢討。

　　最後就國內《詩學》中譯現況說明：一、我們需要系統譯經的基本的技術成規，二、我們期待《詩學》中譯的新文本，以及三、如何開拓《詩學》研究的新境界。

關鍵詞：亞理斯多德、詩學、校勘、箋釋、索引。

ON THE TECHNICAL CONVENTIONS AND THE VALUE OF PARADIGMS IN TRANSLATING CLASSICS
－A departure from the translation of Aristotle's POETICS－

The translation of classical texts has its proper technical conventions, such as the collating of different versions, interpretations and exegeses, and editing the index systems of terms and proper names.

In this paper, the author takes the text of a French translation (1980) by Roselyne Dupont-Roc and Jean Allot as an example to explain aspects in the process and technical conventions related to the translating and the giving of exegesis in classic works.

The author quotes a paragraph on the definition of tragedy in his analysis, and explains why we need a new version of translation of the Poetics. In the exposition, he quotes several texts of that paragraph in English, French, and Chinese. Then he summarizes some points of exegesis, such as "spectacle". One can indeed differentiate important theoretical nuances with the help of index of terms and proper names such as REPRESENTATION, ACTION, EMOTIONS, AND PURIFICATION.

In conclusion the author proposes that (l) we need the basic technical conventions in translating the classics; (2) we await a new version of the Poetics in Chinese; (3) we must ask how to expand the horizons for our study of Poetics?

Key words: Aristotle, Poetics, Collation, Exegesis, Index

人名、地名的翻譯 ▲Top

摘要

　　本文探討人名地名翻譯的種種現象，以及翻譯時可能遇到的問題和困擾，並在可能範圍內提出解決問題的建議。全文分西譯中及中譯四兩個方向討論，前者分(1)譯音難準，(2)譯名是否應中文化？(3)依何種語文發音翻譯？(4)譯名不統一，(5)何時音譯？何時意譯等五節。後者包括(1)採何種漢語羅馬拼音系統？(2)譯名不統一，(3)拼音譯名常無法回譯成中文等三節。結論中提出翻譯人名地名的一些原則性建議，並呼籲推廣譯名統一，推廣漢語拼音統一。

關鍵字：翻譯問題，人名地名的翻譯。

ABSTRACT

This survey deals with various phenomena that occur in the translation of personal and geographical names, and problems and difficulties which may been countered in translation; and at the same time the survey provides, insofar as possible, suggestions which may lead to solving these problems.

The text of the survey is divided into two directions of discussion: the translation of Occidental languages into Chinese and vice versa. The former is subdivided into five sections: (1) inaccuracy of phonetic translation, (2) sinicization of a translation, (3) choice of the language base of phonetic translation, (4) non-uniformity of the translation of names, and (5) use of phonetic or literal translation.

The latter contains three sections: (1) choice of the Chinese romanization system, (2) nonuniformity in the translation of names, and (3) frequent inability to restore the phonetic translation of names to the original Chinese ones.

In conclusion, suggestions are made which can serve as principles in the translation of personal and geographical names, and an appeal is made to promote uniformity in the translation of names and to advocate unifying Chinese romanization systems.

Key words: translation problems, translations of personal and geographical names.

從比較語言學來探討口譯的問題 ▲Top

摘要

法庭上一些口譯的問題可以從字彙、社會語言學及口語結構分析學的角度來看。從字彙上來說，某些語言的某個概念在另一種語言中並沒有對等的詞語，或是有數個對等語，而每個對等語所使用的情境都不同，譯者必須仔細分辨。從社會語言學來看，每種語言在稱呼他人及表達恭維、慶賀、抱歉及尊敬之意時，會有不同的表達形式。即使是在對話者決定如何輪流講話，及要不要回答對方的問題時，也有不同的表達方法。此外，在不同語言中，男女講話方式的差異，以及人們對男女使用的語言的不同反應，也使口譯的工作更複雜。再從口語結構分析學來說，每一種語言在敘說事物時，都有一些獨特的形式架構。如果譯者逐字直譯，聽眾會感覺敘述的方式怪異，因而對說話者的教育背景產生負面的印象。如果譯者自作主張，按照聽眾所用的語言的形式架構來翻譯的話，又容易犯錯。以上的問題，不見得每個都受到重視，然而個個都不容忽視。

關鍵詞：口譯、社會語言學、比較修辭學、口語結構分析學、語意學。

Abstract

Many problems in court interpretation can be analyzed from the aspects of lexical repertoire, sociolinguistics, and discourse patterns. Regarding lexical repertoire, scholars have found that a concept may have a linguistic representation in one language but not in another. Even if its equivalent does exist in another language, it may be represented in several forms, and each of these forms may be used in a restricted situation. Therefore, interpreters must make careful analysis. In regard to sociolinguistics, research has shown that each language offers its own unique forms for addressing people, showing respect, and expressing compliments, congratulations, and apologies. Turn-taking patterns may also be different. In addition, the degree of gender differences in language usage and the way people perceive those may vary with each language. These issues tend to complicate interpreters' work. Regarding discourse patterns, scholars also claim that each language presents unique patterns. If interpreters interpret literally, the audience may suffer from the dissonance caused by the difference in the rhetorical structures used in the two languages involved. Thus, for example, the audience may have negative perceptions about the educational background of the speaker. If interpreters edit the original discourse into a form acceptable to the audience, based on their own judgment, they may risk making mistakes in these judgments. All of the above-mentioned problems have received little attention, but this does not mean they should be taken lightly.

key words: interpretation, sociolinguistics, contrastive rhetoric, discourse analysis, semantics

漢語專業口譯教學
－以對日語為母語的學生進行教學為例－ ▲Top

　　口譯是翻譯的一種。按照工作性質分，口譯一般可以分為一般口譯、技術口譯和專業口譯。講演、國際會議的口譯以及電視新聞等的廣播口譯等屬專業口譯。專業口譯，必須進行特殊的訓練。本論文根據對以日語為母語的學生進行日譯漢、漢譯日專業口譯訓練的教學實踐經驗，擬就事業口譯教學問題進行討論。

　　本論文主要內容如下：

1. 專業口譯的特點以及專業口譯教學的任務
2. 目前日本日漢語口譯現場的情況、專業口譯訓練的概況和問題
3. 幫助學生掌握中文文章結構特點的意義和方法
4. 加強學生閱讀和使用書面語言的能力意義和方法
5. 選拔人材的重要性
6. 其他訓練及實踐訓練的重要性
7. 小結

大學部口譯課程的教學規劃 ▲Top

中文摘要

　　近年來國內大學紛紛設立口譯課程以因應國際化的腳步。然而尚未設計出有系統的教學規劃。由於英文與日文的語言學習時間長短不一，課程設計，教學內容，訓練方法均不同。文中首先介紹各大學口譯課程的設計狀況，再由其中選擇了６所大學做教案分析及學生問卷調查，以瞭解師生雙方面的配合度。調查結果發現相當比例的學生希望藉由口譯訓練增強其外語能力。唯有英文系少數學生希望將來當口譯員。由於口譯工作需要高度的語言能力及廣泛的知識，筆者認為大學部的口譯教學應該定位為外語教學的一環，而不是以培養口譯員為最終目標。文中針對各種口譯訓練法做了簡單介紹，並經由對各校的教案分析，探討是否需要訓練譯入外語，以及訓練同步口譯的必要性。

Abstract

The rapid pace of internationalization in the ROC has led institutions of higher learning throughout the country to establish interpretation courses in the undergraduate level, despite the lack of a systematic planning for the instruction of these courses. Since the number of years spent in learning English and that spent in learning Japanese are not identical, different models of curriculum design, instructional material, and teaching methodology are followed in both English and Japanese interpretation courses. This study will first present the various curriculum designs of these undergraduate interpretation courses, out of which six are chosen for further study. Teaching plans are analyzed while students are handed questionnaires to fill up, in order to make the interaction between teachers and students better understood. This survey reveals that a significant proportion of the students expect to improve their foreign language abilities, only a handful of students majoring in English aspire to become interpreters in the future. In as much as interpreting requires an excellent linguistic ability and a broad range of knowledge, interpretation courses in the college level should be treated as part of foreign language instruction and not as training for future interpreters. The study will also present a brief introduction of the various teaching methods used in these courses. Through the analysis of teaching plans, this study will also examine the need to teach interpreting into the foreign language and the necessity of teaching simultaneous interpretation.

大學「口譯入門」課程英譯中視譯練習之運用與教學建議
Sight Translation as a Tool of Training in the Undergraduate Training for Interpretation ▲Top

摘要

　　視譯的訊息輸入(input)為書面文字，輸出(output)為口語傳達。其特殊性質對口譯者形成不同的挑戰，而在口譯訓練上亦能發展無限的潛力。本文就視譯時對訊息的接收、處理及傳達三方面作分析，探討每個過程中可能遭遇之困難，並針對困難在教學內容及訓練方式上提供原則性的建議，對症下藥，俾使這個在教材上唾手可得，無需硬體設施的口譯訓練方式於大學部外語教學中發揮最大的功用。

Abstract

Sight translation shares with written translation the written form of its input of message and with oral interpretation the oral form of its output of message. This peculiar nature not only makes sight translation a challenge to interpreters, but makes it a very effective tool for interpretation training. In this thesis, analysis will be made regarding the reception, processing and delivery of the message to be sight translated. Problems which may be encountered in each process will be discussed and training methods will be suggested to cope with these problems.>/font>

「口譯入門」課的教案設計、修正與評鑑 ▲Top
The Design, Revision, and Evaluation of "Introduction to interpretation" Course

"Introduction to interpretation," the only monolingual course on the graduate interpretation program, is an important prerequisite before the actual interpretation training.

The contents of this course include the following elements:

1. Basic concepts of interpretation,
2. Analysis of various types of discourse: formal address, informative speech, ceremonial introduction, question and sessions, and academic lecture,
3. How to process intricate bits of information, and
4. How to choose appropriate expressions for various concepts.

With regard to instructional design, variance in the language combination, special field of study, and mother tongue of the subjects were take into consideration. Content, pace, and evaluation of the instructional material are revised according to related factors. Moreover, the resources of related courses were tapped to supplement learning. This study will also discuss the learning effects and learning difficulties of the introductory course iO question, the content parts which need strengthening, and the linkage of the course with "Basic Consecutive Interpretation" Course.

資料提供：臺灣翻譯學學會

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