翻譯學研究集刊--第三輯

。同步口譯的過程及分神能力的訓練作者：鮑川運
。中西跨文化溝通問題探討：西方譯者如何製造中國文化形象作者：張秀珍
。翻譯課程的理論基礎與設計作者：陳獻忠
。Against all odds:Interpretation Training for the Non-language Major 作者：Zi Kwan
。談海明威小說在台灣中譯作者：李惠珍
。從「試千劍然後識器」到「善譯者不器」：中國理念在翻譯上的運用作者：梁立堅
。翻譯課程之設計：以西翻中為例作者：盧慧娟．羅雪
。漢譯英中尾心與尾重的處理方法作者：王大偉
。口譯「專業考試」的評鑑意義與功能作者：楊承
。文學翻譯教學中語氣與風格的探討作者：楊瑛美
。跨越拼音文字與方塊文字的鴻溝：台灣的羅馬拼音問題作者：余伯泉

同步口譯的過程及分神能力的訓練 ▲Top
Graduate School of Translation and Interpretation (GSTI),
Monterey Institute of International Studies

     在同步口譯的過程及分神能力的訓練中，透過對同步口譯過程的分析，力求對翻譯過程中注意力的分配，即分神與傳譯過程中各個環節的關系有一個正確和全面的理解。另外再探討如何通過同步口譯的技巧解決影響分神的障礙。

關鍵詞：同步口譯的過程、分神能力的訓練、同步口譯的技巧

中西跨文化溝通問題探討：西方譯者如何製造中國文化形象 ▲Top

     每一種語言代表著一個獨特的文化世界。就此觀點來看，翻譯不是兩種語言間單純的辭彙與語法轉換，而是嘗試使不同語言世界裏特有的文化事物，價值體系，及思考方式為另一文化世界理解。因此，翻譯的問題可說是跨文化溝通的問題。理想的跨文化接觸，每一次接觸都應該是一次美好的學習經驗－學習從另一角度觀看世界，學習另一種組合事物的可能性。然而在複雜的歷史，政治，社會因素有形或無形的影響下，所謂的〝強勢文化〞對〝弱勢文化〞的認知，詮釋與翻譯常會有著某種程度的扭曲。本文主要分為三部份。第一部份從Edward W. Said的東方主義（Orientalism）出發，探討跨文化溝通模式（Mode of cross-cultural communication）。第二部份以Arthur Waley的<道德經>英文譯本The Way and Its Power做為討論的個案。研究〝強勢文化〞在翻譯所謂的'弱勢文化時，可能會採取何種預設的態度，會有何種認知的偏差，以及如何扭曲異國文化，創造它國次等民族，落後文化的負面形象。第三部份嘗試從翻譯教學研究方面著手，提出改善中西跨文化溝通的建議。

關鍵詞：翻譯, 跨文化溝通

翻譯課程的理論基礎與設計 ▲Top

Theoretical Basis and Design of a Translation Course

     理想的翻譯課程，理論部份應該以授課者自己所遵循的翻譯理論為基本架構，而整個課程的設計，原則上，應該建立在該理論體系的基礎上。不過，是否要將這個理論體系放在更大的架構，從時代背景以及不同取向出發，介紹五花八門的中外古今理論，則要看時間是否允許而定。更理想的作法是，授課者有一套屬於他或她自己整理出來的理論體系，而整個課程就從該理論體系發展出來，如此，不但翻譯的傳授與學習有理論基礎，理論與實際也不會脫節。本文提出翻譯基本上包括原文閱讀與目標語寫作，以及如何解決語言差異問題的概念，然後從這個基本概念出發，發展出一套翻譯理論，再根據理論，建議正確的翻譯過程並指出影響翻譯的因素與問題，然後再針對這些因素與問題，以實例歸納出解決之道，使得這些解決辦法不但具有學理根據，而且是經過有系統的整理與討論。

關鍵詞：翻譯、翻譯學、翻譯理論、翻譯課程、課程設計、語言差異、翻譯過程

ABSTRACT

     Ideally, a translation course should include a theory section and the theory section of such a course should be based on a theory which the instructor embraces. Whether the theory is to be introduced in a large context which might include the history and different approaches of translation should depend on whether there will be enough time. It would be better if the instructor has worked out a theory of his own and the course actually shows how the theory should be implemented. In this way the teaching and learning of translation is expected to be based on some theory. Moreover, the theory and the implementation will not be on two different tracks. This study advocates that translation is basically about reading the original text, writing the same message in the target language, and how the differences between two languages should be compromised. It is showed how a theory is developed from this fundamental idea. Based on the theory, the process of translation is suggested, the perplexing problems of translation are pointed out, and certain solutions are proposed.

Key words: translation, study of translation, translation theory, translation course, course design, language differences, translation pro

Against all odds: Interpretation Training for the Non-language Major ▲Top

     Candidates for interpretation programs are generally tested on their knowledge of the working languages and current affairs, skills in comprehension and production, and personality traits (Moser-Mercer). Professionals in conference interpreting may be assessed by content, terminology, style, grammaticality, fluency, diction and voice (Kopczynski). These criteria are largely related to linguistic proficiency, which may explain why interpreters are predominantly language majors. But how does one account for the rare gems that belong elsewhere?

     This report attempts to examine the learning process of non-language majors in interpretation training through case studies of their performance as distinct from their classmates’ in regard to content, style, fluency, and terminology. The results point generally to varying degrees of linguistic competence. In comprehension, non-language majors often lag behind their peers in texts with high syntactical complexity although they fare equally well when handling sentences of semantic complexity. In production, the non-language major’s rendition in the foreign language may be paled in style, fluency and diction, but the same cannot be said of its content and terminology.

     To cope with temporary setbacks in an obstacle race where language majors have a head-start, the non-language major find his own strategies. He may employ simplification, summary, or more effectively, deverbalization. Until such time as the non-language major has acquired a desired level of linguistic competence, training programs will have to design language enhancement courses tailored to his needs. Given that some of the most brilliant professionals have come from unrelated disciplines, interpretation training for the non-language major is a gratifying challenge that can be met by a talented student determined to make odds even.

談海明威小說在台灣中譯 ▲Top

Chinese Translation (Taiwan, 1949-1993) of Earnest Hemingway’s Novels

     海明威是二十世紀最負盛名的美國小說家之一，也是一九四九年以後台灣外國小說翻譯市場上最為讀者熟知的外國作家之一。本文擬就筆者蒐集的書目資料分述海明威單本小說的中文譯本，並分析海明威小說受歡迎的原因。

關鍵詞：海明威、小說翻譯、美國小說、電影與翻譯。

ABSTRACT

     Earnest Hemingway, one of the most well-known American novelists in the 20th century, has enjoyed a great deal of readership in Taiwan since 1949. On the basis of the bibliography of Chinese translations of American novels in Taiwan, conducted for the thesis of my master’s degree, this paper first deals with how Hemingway’s works have been translated and then studies the reasons for his rarely-seen popularity in the translation field in Taiwan.

資料提供：臺灣翻譯學學會

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